haloform是什么意思，haloform翻译

haloform是什么意思，haloform翻译

Haloform

Haloform is a family of organic compounds that contain one carbon atom bonded to four halogen atoms, with the general formula CHX3. The halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The most common haloform is chloroform (CHCl3), which was historically used as an anesthetic during surgery.

Haloforms are produced industrially through a variety of processes. One method involves the chlorination of methane, followed by dehydrohalogenation of the resulting haloalkanes. Another method involves the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with hypochlorite or hypobromite solutions. Haloforms can also be synthesized in the laboratory using reagents such as potassium hypochlorite or sodium hypobromite.

The properties of haloforms depend on the specific halogen present in the molecule. Generally, haloforms have high boiling points and low melting points. They are colorless, volatile liquids with a characteristic odor. The physical properties of haloforms can be influenced by the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. For example, chloroform has a higher boiling point than bromoform due to the stronger hydrogen bonding between its molecules.

Haloforms exhibit a variety of chemical reactions. They can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions, where the halogen atom is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. Haloforms can also undergo addition reactions, where a halogen atom is added to an unsaturated carbon atom. Additionally, haloforms can act as electrophiles in Friedel