Endoderma是什么意思，Endoderma翻译

Endoderma是什么意思，Endoderma翻译

Endoderma: A Unique Organ in plants

Endoderma is a specialized organ found in the stems of some plant species. It is a layer of cells that lies just inside the cortex, the middle layer of the stem, and serves as a protective barrier. The endoderma is part of the stele, which is the central cylinder of a stem, and is found in all seed plants. In some plants, the endoderma is a single layer of cells, while in others, it may be several layers thick.

The primary function of the endoderma is to regulate the movement of water, minerals, and nutrients into and out of the stem. It does this by containing Casparian strips, which are bands of suberin, a waterproof substance, that prevent water and solutes from passing through the endodermal cells. Instead, these substances must pass through the Casparian strips and enter the xylem, which is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.

In addition to its role in nutrient and water transport, the endoderma also plays a key role in plant defense. The Casparian strips not only prevent water and solutes from passing through the endoderma, but they also act as a barrier against pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, that could potentially infect the plant. The endoderma also contains cells that produce and store toxins, which can be released into the xylem and transported to other parts of the plant to help defend against pathogens.

Another important function of the endoderma is to regulate the pH of the xylem sap. The endoderma contains cells that secrete hydrogen ions, which can lower the pH of the xylem sap and create an acidic environment that is inhospitable to many pathogens. This acidic environment also helps to protect the plant from infection by preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi.

While the endoderma is a relatively small and often overlooked organ, its functions are crucial to the health and survival of plants. Without the endoderma, plants would be unable to effectively regulate the movement of water, minerals, and nutrients, and would be more vulnerable to infection and disease. In some plants, the endoderma is well